MegaETH Yakatsanangurwa: Yekutanga Yenyika Yechokwadi-Nguva EVM Blockchain

Kunze kwekuunzwa kwema network matsva e blockchain munzvimbo ye crypto, trilemma yenguva refu ye decentralization, scalability, uye latency ichiri dambudziko guru. Iye zvino, nyika ye crypto yaunzwa kune imwe blockchain, MegaETH - itsva, inoenderana neEVM, yekutanga muindasitiri chaiyo-nguva yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa blockchain trilemma. Ichizivikanwa ne deterministic low-latency execution uye ultra-high throughput, iyi Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain inoisa hwaro hwechizvarwa chinotevera chezvishandiso zve on-chain.

Asi chii chinoita kuti MegaETH ive yekutanga zvechokwadi "chaiyo-nguva blockchain"? Inozvigona sei kumhanya zvizere pa-cheni maapplication ane kumhanya kwaimboonekwa sekusingagoneke? Uye zvinotonyanya kukosha, izvi zvinorevei kumabhizinesi?

Mune ino blog, tinonyura mune tekinoroji, chiono, uye hukuru hukuru hweMegaETH-blockchain yakavakwa kwete yemangwana chete, asi ikozvino.

Chii chinonzi MegaETH?

MegaETH inotevera-gen blockchain yakavakirwa kuti ifanane nemazinga ekuita atakajaira munzvimbo dzeWeb2 dzechinyakare. Funga nezvekukurumidza kukurumidza-kwakavakirwa maapuro seGoogle Docs kana Slack anopindura- pakarepo zvigadziriso nekunonoka kudiki. Ndizvo zvinounzwa neMegaETH kuWeb3. Iyo yakazara EVM-inoenderana blockchain, iyo inotsigira maturusi akafanana uye akangwara zvibvumirano seEthereum, asi mashandiro acho anovandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Chiratidzo chiri kuseri kweMegaETH Ethereum ndechekubvisa latency uye zvisingakwanisi izvo zvinowanzouya nedecentralized systems. Traditional blockchains process transactions mumabhuroko panguva dzenguva dzenguva. Izvi zvinounza nguva yekumirira, kunyanya pasi pekuremerwa netiweki. Nekudaro, MegaETH inosundidzira iyi modhi kusvika kumiganhu iyo iyo yenyama Hardware (kureva, ari pasi maseva uye network) inogona kubata. Inoita kuti kutengeserana kuitwe uye kusimbiswa nekukurumidza, kunyangwe panguva yekushandiswa kwepamusoro.

MegaETH yakagadzirirwa kubata mavhoriyamu makuru ekutengeserana uye kuita ma computations akaoma zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinobvumira vanogadzira kuvaka chaiyo-nguva, yakakwirira-frequency application senge AI-powered yekutengesa bots, decentralized social network, kana chaiyo-nguva yemitambo mapuratifomu pasina kunetseka nezve lag kana kukundikana pasi pekumanikidzwa.

MegaETH's Timeline

Fig 1: MegaETH Timeline

MegaETH yakavambwa naYilong Li, uyo akatanga kufunga nezveMegaETH muna 2022. Iyo yekutanga prototype yakaratidza kugona-chaiyo-nguva kweiyo blockchain, iyo yakakwevera kufarira kubva kune vanogadzira uye mabhizinesi aitsvaga scalable, yakaderera-latency blockchain mhinduro.

Pakazosvika Q4 ye2024, MegaETH yakanga yatanga testnet yayo uye yakawana kutarisisa kukuru kubva kunharaunda yevagadziri veEthereum. Iyo mainnet kuburitswa inotarisirwa muna 2025, nekudyidzana kwekutanga kwatove kuziviswa kumativi ese eDeFi, emitambo, uye AI zvikamu.

Kuenzanisa Kwakakosha Mukati Akasiyana EVM Chain

Mafuremu eBlockchain afambira mberi zvakakwana zvekuti vagadziri vanogona kugadzira macheni matsva pasina kushanda nesimba. Semuenzaniso, L2Beat yakanyora macheni eblockchain anopfuura zana nemakumi maviri eLayer 2. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwemacheni matsva uku hakuna kugadzirisa matambudziko ekushanda kweblockchain.

Mufananidzo 2: Kuenzaniswa kwemagasi pakati peEVM chains muna 2024 ( Chitubu )

Matambudziko mune Yazvino EVM Cheni

Kunyangwe akati wandei blockchains akaunzwa munzvimbo ye crypto, imwe neimwe ichiri kunetseka nekumhanya, kugona, uye kupindura. Cheni yega yega inounza yayo seti yekumisikidza, kunyanya kana zvasvika pamabatiro anoita maapplication pavari.

• Slow Transaction Processing

Mazhinji macheni anoenderana neEVM haakwanise kubata akawanda matransaction kamwechete. Kunyangwe imwe yeinokurumidza EVM cheni, opBNB, inoshandisa 100 miriyoni gasi zvikamu pasekondi. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, inongotsigira ~ 650 swaps / yechipiri paDeFi platform seUniswap uye ~ 3,700 token transfers/second (sekutumira USDT kana ETH). Mukupesana, Web2 gore maseva (anoshandiswa mumapurogiramu echinyakare) anobata anopfuura miriyoni mashandiro/sec. 

Kunyangwe iwo anokurumidza blockchains achiri kure kumashure kwechinyakare makore masystem. Zvinoita kuti zviome kumhanyisa hukuru-hukuru, huchimhanya-mhanya maapplication senge masocial network kana kutengeserana mapuratifomu pa blockchain.

• Simba reComputing shoma 

Azvino EVM maketani haana kukwana simba rekombuta kutsigira maapplication akaoma. Semuenzaniso, kontrakiti yakangwara inoverenga iyo 100 miriyoni yeFibonacci nhamba inotora 5.5 bhiriyoni gasi paEVM. PaOpBNB, izvi zvingatora 55 seconds. Nekudaro, iwo mafungiro akafanana muC (pane yenguva dzose CPU) anopera mumakumi matatu milliseconds chete! Ndiyo 1,833x nekukurumidza pakombiyuta yenguva dzose, uye fungidzira simba kana blockchains akashandisa multicore processing. Iyo yaizovhura 100x yakawanda compute simba uye kuvhura musuwo kune inotevera-gen decentralized apps.

• Nguva Yekuvharira Yakareba

Mazhinji blockchains anovandudza data ravo kamwe chete sekondi yega yega kana kupfuura. Vashoma chete (seArbitrum One) vanovandudza zvishoma nekukurumidza. Zvisineyi, mamwe ma dApps, akadai semitambo yekuzvimirira (chaiyo-nguva hondo, fizikisi, nezvimwewo) uye kutengeserana kwepamusoro-soro (pakarepo kuodha kuiswa / kukanzura), inoda kuvandudzwa mune isingasviki 100 milliseconds kana kunyange nekukurumidza segumi milliseconds. Yazvino blockchain architecture haina kugadzirirwa kutsigira chaiyo-nguva zvikumbiro zvinoda sub-yechipiri mamiriro ekugadzirisa uye ekupedzisira-yakaderera latency kupindirana.

MegaETH's Architectural Innovations

Node Specialization

The Trade-Off in Blockchain Performance: Speed ​​vs. Decentralization

Blockchains, kunyanya Layer 1 (L1) seEthereum, inotarisana nekutengeserana. Kuwedzera kuita (kumhanya) kazhinji kunoreva kushomeka kwenzvimbo, nekuti kukurumidza node dzinoda zvine simba (zvinodhura) Hardware. Nekudaro, kuendesa matunhu kwakakosha zvakare nekuti inoita kuti network irambe yakavhurika, yakachengeteka, uye isingatenderi kuongororwa. 

Mashandiro Echinyakare Blockchains Anoshanda (L1)

Iyo iripo L1 blockchain ine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana- kubvumirana uye kuuraya. Consensus inosarudza kurongeka kwemashandisirwo emushandisi, ukuwo kuuraya kuchiita izvi kutengeserana muhurongwa hwakagadzwa hwekuvandudza iyo blockchain state.

MuLayer 1 (L1) cheni senge Ethereum kana Solana, node dzese dzinoita mabasa akafanana - kusvika pakubvumirana uye kuita kutengeserana, pasina hunyanzvi. Nekudaro, kufanana uku kunoganhurira kuita nekuti kunoda kuti mushandisi wese achengetedze kushanda kwakazara, izvo zvinowedzera mitoro yehardware.

L1s inofanirwa kusarudza kuti yakawanda sei yekuwedzera hardware zvinodiwa pasina kupa kuchengetedzwa uye kukanganisa censorship kuramba. Vitalik Buterin inosimbisa kukosha kwekugonesa vashandisi venguva dzose kumhanya node dzakazara. Asi zvinodiwa zvehardware zvinosiyana zvakanyanya pakati peL1s-

Mufananidzo 3: Kuenzanisa Zvinodiwa zveHardware ( Chitubu )

Maitiro eLayer 2 Solutions Anoshandisa Node Specialization kuvhura Performance

Kune rumwe rutivi, mhinduro dzeLayer 2 scaling dzinoshandura mutambo nekuita chimwe chinhu chakangwara. Dzinopa kuchengetedzeka uye kudzivirira kuvharwa kwedata kubase layer (senge Ethereum) uye dzinozvibvumira kuti dzigadzirise mashandiro adzo. Sei? Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwenode, uko mhando dzakasiyana dzenode dzinoita mabasa akasiyana ekuvandudza mashandiro. Semuenzaniso, ZK-Rollups dzinoshandisa maprover akazvipira anoshandisa maGPU kugadzira cryptographic proofs. Nzira iyi inobvisa mashandiro akaomarara kubva muketani huru uye inobvumira throughput yakakwira uye kudzikisa latency pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka.

Iyo Yekutanga Architecture yeMegaETH uye Kudyidzana Pakati Pezvinhu Zvikuru Zvikamu

Mufananidzo 4: Zvikamu zvakakosha zveMegaETH uye kudyidzana kwazvo ( Chitubu )

Pane mabasa mana makuru muMegaETH Ethereum:

• Sequencers

Sequencer node inobata kurongeka uye kuitwa kwevashandisi kutengeserana. MuMegaETH, imwe chete sequencer inoshanda panguva, iyo inobvisa zvinobudirira kubvumirana pamusoro panguva yekuitwa kwakajairwa.

• Replica nodes

Replica node dzinogashira mamiriro akasiyana kubva kune ino sequencer kuburikidza ne p2p network uye shandisa iyo misiyano yakananga kugadzirisa matunhu enzvimbo. Panzvimbo pekuita zvakare kutengeserana, vanosimbisa zvivharo zvisina kunanga kuburikidza nekriptographic proofs inogadzirwa nemapurofiti.

• Manodhi akazara

Manodhi akazara anodzora dhizaini yese kuti isimbise mabhuraki. Maitiro aya akakosha kune vanoita zvemhando yepamusoro sevashandi vemabhiriji nevagadziri vemusika vanoda kukurumidza kupera, kunyangwe zvichida hardware ine simba kuti ienderane neanoteedzera.

• Provers

Chekupedzisira, iyo prover node inosimbisa mabhuraki asynchronously uye kunze kwehurongwa nekungoshandisa isina mamiriro ekusimbisa maitiro.

Injiniya yeChaiyo-Nguva Blockchain

Sei Masevha Ane Simba asina Kukwana

Iwo mafungiro asiriwo ekuti MegaETH inowana yakakwira kuburikidza nepakati, yepamusoro-yekuita sequencers inorerutsa dhizaini yehurongwa. Kunyange yakakura RAM uye CPU specs (semuenzaniso, 512GB RAM) ichibatsira, haigadzirise mabhodhoro ekuita kwepakati. Semuyenzaniso, bvunzo dzakasimba neReth mutengi mune inorarama sync modhi inoratidza TPS sirin'i ye ~ 1000 nekuda kwemubhadharo wekombuta wekuchengetedza Ethereum's Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT).

Muchokwadi, MPT inogadziridza inosuma ~ 10x yakakwira kumusoro pane yakabikwa transaction execution. Izvi zvinoreva kuyera kunoda hunyanzvi hwekuvaka, kwete kuyera Hardware chete.

MegaETH- A System-Oriented Design Philosophy

MegaETH inotora nzira yeinjiniya yakadzika midzi mune yakazara-stack masisitimu kufunga. Panzvimbo pekuparadzanisa optimizations padanho remicrobenchmark, MegaETH crypto inotarisa pakupera-kusvika-kumagumo kuita uye kunzwisisa kuti kubuda kweblockchain kunozomanikidzwa neinononoka sisitimu chikamu.

Mitemo yakakosha inosanganisira:

• Kunyora musati prototyping: Nyaya dzese dzekuita dzinoverengerwa sarudzo dzekugadzira dzisati dzaitwa.
• Yakachena-slate magadzirirwo: Panzvimbo pekuisa zvigamba pamasisitimu enhaka, MegaETH inoteedzera zvigadziriso zvekuvaka zvine chinangwa chehardware-chishoma kuuraya.

Iyi nzira inovimbisa kuvandudzwa kunoreva kunoramba kuchipfuura mabenchmarks emurabhoritari uye kunobatsira chaizvo-yenyika latency uye scalability.

Iyo Transaction Inoyerera sei muMegaETH 

Mufananidzo 5: Rwendo rwekutengeserana kwemushandisi ( Chitubu )

Iyo transaction lifecycle inotanga paRPC endpoints uye inoyerera kuburikidza nesequencers, kuuraya nharaunda, uye nyika kuita maseru.

• Iyo sequencer inobata kurongeka uye kuita kwekutengeserana.
• Kutsoropodza kwakajairwa kunoratidza kuita kwakaderera kuEVM. Zvisinei, profiling ne revm (inobudirira EVM kushandiswa) pane ichangoburwa Ethereum mainnet blocks inoratidza kuuraya mazinga kusvika ku14,000 TPS pasi pezvakaitika kare, uchishandisa hardware yakafanana ne1000 TPS live sync test.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuita kwekuita kunopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nekusashanda kwekuchengetedza, kunyanya kuyedza mamiriro, pane EVM kududzira kumhanya chete.

Mhedziso: A Blockchain Yakavakirwa Ikozvino

MegaETH inomiririra shanduko yeparadigm mu blockchain engineering iri kugadzirazve sisitimu yenguva chaiyo, yakakura, uye compute-yakanyanya maapplication. Zvitsva zvakaita seMegaETH zvinoita kuti nyaya nyowani dzekushandisa dzigoneke. 

Munyika yakazadzwa nemaketani matsva, MegaETH inomira seyakanakisa Layer 2 blockchain paEthereum iyo inogadzirisa imwe yematambudziko akaomarara mu blockchain: maitiro ekuita decentralization uye chaiyo-nguva kushanda pamwe chete. Iko hakuna mumvuri wekupokana kuti MegaETH iri kuvhura magonhi ehupfumi hunogona kurongwa, chaiyo-nguva maapplication, uye kirasi nyowani yedApps inonzwa nekukasira, yakangwara, uye isingaverengeki scalable.

KuAntier, tinoziva mukana mukuru wezvivakwa zve blockchain zvenguva chaiyo zvakaita seMegaETH Ethereum. Sekambani inovimbwa nayo yekugadzira blockchain , tinobatsira mabhizinesi anofunga nezvemberi nemakambani matsva kugadzira, kugadzira, uye kuisa mhinduro dzinoshandisa simba remaketani echizvarwa chinotevera. Kunyangwe uri kuvaka maDeFi apps anoshanda zvakanyanya, maAI agents akaganhurirwa, kana ruzivo rwakadzama rweWeb3, masevhisi eAntier ekugadzira akazara anovimbisa kuti unoramba uri pamberi munzvimbo ino iri kushanduka nekukurumidza.

Wakagadzirira kuvhura iyo inotevera wave yechaiyo-nguva blockchain innovation? Rega Antier ave mumwe wako mukushandura mikana kuita basa.