✨ Isishwankathelo se-AI
- Fumanisa ihlabathi eliguqukayo leekhontrakthi ezikrelekrele kunye netekhnoloji ye-blockchain kule posi yebhlog enolwazi.
- Funda ngendlela iikhontrakthi ezikrelekrele, ezaziswa nguNick Szabo ngo-1996, ezitshintshe ngayo amashishini ngokwenza iinkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo nokuphelisa ukubandakanyeka kwabantu besithathu.
- Hlola impembelelo yeekhontrakthi ezikrelekrele kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana norhulumente, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, uthungelwano lokubonelela, kunye nezemali.
- Ukususela kwiinkqubo zerhafu ezicacileyo ukuya ekuqinisekiseni iirekhodi zezempilo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwekhonkco lokubonelela, iikhontrakthi ezikrelekrele ziyayila indlela amashishini asebenza ngayo.
- Jonga amandla eekhontrakthi ezikrelekrele ukuphucula ukuthembana, ukwenza imisebenzi ibe lula, kunye nokukhuthaza ukonga iindleko kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ikhontrakthi ye-smart yikhowudi yekhompyutha eyenza iseti yemigaqo ekuvunyelwene ngayo ngamaqela achaphazelekayo ukuze kuqaliswe ngokutsha kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Xa le miqathango imiselwe kwangaphambili izalisekile, i ikhontrakthi smart yenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukubonelela ngemveliso elindelekileyo. Izibonelelo zeekontrakthi ezihlakaniphile zibonakala kakhulu kumashishini apho banokusebenzisa le nto entsha ngokuphelisa ukubandakanyeka komntu wesithathu.
Ngokusisiseko, umbono kunye nengqikelelo yeeKhontrakthi eziSmart zaziswa okokuqala ngo-1996 ngusosayensi wekhompyuter kunye nonjineli ogama linguNick Szabo, owabachaza njenge:
"Iiprothokholi zentengiselwano ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisebenzisa imiqathango yekhontrakthi. Iinjongo jikelele kukwanelisa iimeko zekhontrakthi eziqhelekileyo (ezifana nemigaqo yentlawulo, izibophelelo, iimfihlo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa), ukunciphisa iimeko ezinxamnye nenkohlakalo nangengozi, kwaye kuncitshiswe imfuno yabameli abathembekileyo. Iinjongo zoqoqosho ezinxulumeneyo ziquka ukuthotywa kwelahleko yobuqhophololo, ezinye iindleko zorhwebelwano kunye nolamlo. "
Nangona iikhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile zafunyanwa ngo-1996, zaqala ukusebenza ngo-2009 xa ukuvela kwe-blockchain - i-ledger yokugcina irekhodi ekhuselekileyo, eyabelwe amagunya kunye nengenakuguquleka - yenza ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwazo kwenzeke. I-blockchain yayiyi-panacea kwingxaki engundoqo yeekhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile ezazithintele ukwamkelwa kwazo kwangaphambili, oko kukuthi, ukuthembela.
Ikhontrakthi ehlakaniphile, ngokukodwa, yiprotocol esekelwe kwi-blockchain ejoliswe ekuphuculeni indlela esisebenzisa ngayo izivumelwano. Oku kudityaniswa kwekhontrakthi ehlakaniphile kunye ne-blockchain iqulethe yonke ingcaciso ephathelele kwikhontrakthi ethile, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwaye yenza yonke inkqubo isebenze ngakumbi. Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba kutheni uninzi lwamashishini lubandakanya olu tshintsho lwedijithali kwinkqubo yabo ukuququzelela iinkqubo zabo kunye nokuphucula umgca osezantsi.
Ukwamkelwa kweekontraka ezihlakaniphile kunokuchaphazela njani amashishini ahlukeneyo:
Urhulumente: Iikhontrakthi ze-Smart zinokulungisa ngokutsha ulawulo ngokuzisa elubala kwinkqubo yerhafu. Okwangoku, abasebenzi bathumela irhafu ngabaqeshi babo. Ngokusebenzisa iikhontrakthi ezikrelekrele, yonke le nkqubo inokuthi izenzekele apho abasebenzi kufuneka bafake iinkcukacha zengeniso yabo ngqo kwiphothali yerhafu karhulumente edityaniswe nobuchwepheshe bekhontrakthi ehlakaniphile. I-portal ingabala irhafu ekufuneka itsalwe ngokusekelwe kwigalelo ledatha ngaloo ndlela iphelisa umlamli kwaye ibangele inkqubo yerhafu ehlawulwayo eyongayo, elula, ekhawulezayo necacileyo.
Ukhathalelo lwempilo: Licandelo eligcwele ukusetyenziswa kwedatha, ukuphazamisa idatha kunye nabameli. Ukubandakanya abafowunelwa abahlakaniphileyo kwidatha yezempilo yesigulana, le miba inokoyiswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukhuseleko lwerekhodi yezempilo kungenxa yokuba:
- Ibalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza angalunganga.
- Iqulethe ulwazi olunovakalelo olunokusetyenziswa kakubi ukuthengisa okanye ezinye iinjongo ezikhohlakeleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, iikhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile zinokufaka kwidijithali kwaye zifihle idatha yesigulana isenza ukufikelela kwayo kuthintelwe kuphela kubantu abagunyazisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi aluweleli ezandleni ezingalunganga.
Imfundo: Kukho intaphane yeendlela apho iikhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile zinokuphazamisana nemeko yemfundo. Inokuphucula inqanaba lokuthembana ngokwenza iirekhodi zabafundi, izatifikethi kunye neebheji zifakwe kwikhompyutha ukufikelela okugunyazisiweyo. Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwekhontrakthi ye-smart kukulandelela kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubakho kwabafundi kunye nefakhalthi ukuze bavumele iikhredithi zezifundo zabo kunye nomvuzo ngokulandelelana ngokweeyure ezirekhodwe kwinkqubo. Oku kuya kuthomalalisa umsebenzi wamaphepha kwaye kukwaqinisekise ukubakho elubala kwinkqubo. Iikhontrakthi ze-Smart nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukusasaza izifundi phakathi kwabafundi ngokufaka iikhowudi iindlela ezithile kwinkqubo kunye nokukhulula i-scholarship ekuzalisekeni kwazo zonke iimeko zomfundi.
Itsheyini yonikezo: Iikhontrakthi ze-Smart zinokuguqula eli candelo ngokubonelela ngokuqina kunye nokuchasana nobuqhetseba kuwo onke amaqela akwinkqubo. Le teknoloji ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuvunywa kokuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokwenza ukuba ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezizenzekelayo ekuzaliseni zonke iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifakwe kwikhontrakthi ehlakaniphile. Umbutho unokudlula kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwakha ukuthembana, ngaloo ndlela wonga ixesha kunye nemali kunye nokuphelisa amaphepha kunye nomlamli.
Icandelo lezeMali: I-trust factor ibalulekile kushishino lwezemali kwaye eli candelo lizaliswe ngabameli abaninzi kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzisa olu phawu lwendalo. Kukho imizekelo emininzi yokucacisa ngeli nqaku, omnye wayo ngulo:
Iibhanki zinemiqathango nemiqathango engqingqwa ukubonelela ngeemali-mboleko kwaye uninzi lwamashishini amancinci ayasilela ukuyizalisekisa kwaye anyuse imali yelinge lawo. Kulapho kuqalisa ukusebenza ukubolekwa kwemali encinci kweminye imithombo. Ivumela ababoleki ukuba bathathe imali-mboleko kubantu ngokugcina iimpahla zabo njengesibambiso. Amaqela anokuxhamla kwiikontraki ezihlakaniphile ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo imiyalelo yokubhangisa ii-asethi, kwimeko yokusilela, ukubuyisela imali-mboleko. Inkqubo inokuhlalutya ixabiso le-asethi kwaye iyigcine ikhuselekile ukuthintela umboleki ekunyuseni imali kwenye indawo ngokuyisebenzisa. Emva kokuba imali-mboleko ihlawulwe, ikhontrakthi iya kukhulula i-asethi kumboleki. Ukubolekisa ngemali encinci kunokuchaphazela uqoqosho kwinqanaba elikhulu kwaye kukhulise amashishini amancinci.
Shwa nkathela:
Iikontraki zeMandla singakuphucula kakhulu ukuma kwethu kwaye sitshintshe kakhulu indlela esiqhuba ngayo amashishini ethu. Kwixesha elizayo elizayo, iinkqubo ezikhoyo zisenokungafuneki nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelisweni kweenkqubo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, iireyithingi zeentengo zemboleko, ukuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba, ukuqinisekiswa kwebango, ukubolekwa kwemali-mboleko njlnjl. akusayi kufuna abalamleli kwaye kudlule kwiinkqubo ezinde, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela amashishini kwidijithali epheleleyo.
