Ama-Rollups Asekelwe Achaziwe: Ukuthi Asebenza Kanjani nokuthi Kungani Abalulekile

Ukusabalala kwe-Blockchain kuhlale kuyinto ekhathazayo kakhulu esikhaleni se-crypto selokhu kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe. Kwethulwa ama-rollup amaningana, okuhlanganisa i-ZK-Rollups, i-Optimistic Rollups, kanye ne- Based Rollups manje, ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele. Ngenkathi ama-Zero-Knowledge (ZK) Rollups kanye ne-Optimistic Rollups ebusa ingxoxo ye-Layer 2, indlela entsha, i-Based Rollups , ithola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathandi be-crypto, abatshalizimali, kanye nabanye abathintekayo. Kungenye ikhambi lokulinganisa eliguqule indlela ama-rollup aklanywa ngayo, ahlelwe ngokulandelana, futhi ahlanganiswe ngayo ekwakhiweni kwe-Ethereum okuguqukayo.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizochaza ukuthi yini, kanjani, nokuthi kungani ama- Based Rollups, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwawo kuya ezinzuzweni zawo ezibalulekile, ngendlela ejulile ngokwanele yokugcina abathandi be-blockchain benesithakazelo. Sizoqhathanisa nama-Based Rollups nama-blockchain e-L2 akhona bese sithola inani eliyingqayizivele elilethayo kumephu yendlela ye-Ethereum.

Isingeniso Kuma-Rollups Asekelwe

I-Rollups esekelwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-L1-sequenced rollups, iwuhlobo lwesisombululo sokukala se-Layer 2 se-Ethereum esisebenzisa ungqimba oluyisisekelo (Usendlalelo 1) ukuze ulandelelenisa umsebenzi. Ngokungafani nama-rollups avamile, asebenzisa ama-sequences awo, i-Based Rollups idlulisela umsebenzi woku-oda ukuthengiselana kunethiwekhi ekhona yokuqinisekisa ye-Ethereum.

Umqondo we-Based Rollups udlule ezibuyekezweni ezimbalwa kusukela yethulwa okokuqala ngu-Vitalik Buterin ngo-2021 ngaphansi kwegama elithi 'Izingxabano Eziphelele'. Lo mbono wawusho ukuthi noma ubani angahambisa iqoqo lemisebenzi noma kunini. Igama langempela elithi 'Based Rollup' kanye nencazelo yalo efanele yaziswa kamuva ngu-Justin Drake, umcwaningi we-Ethereum Foundation, ngo-2023. Umgomo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukwenza ama-rollups we-Layer 2 axhumeke kakhulu ku-Ethereum ngokwawo, ukuze azuze ekuvikelekeni kwe-Ethereum, ukusabalalisa, nokuzimela.

Kungani Sidinga I-Rollups Esekelwe?

U-Ethereum ube yingqalabutho ekubaleni okuhlukaniselwe amazwe, kodwa ibingaklanyelwe ukuphatha umsebenzi omkhulu odingwa i-DeFi yesimanje, amageyimu, nama-dApps omphakathi ngokwawo. Ama-rollup akhona, afana ne-Optimistic Rollups kanye ne-ZK-Rollups, azama ukuvala leli gebe lokuqina, kodwa eza nesethi yawo yokuhwebelana:

• I-Optimistic Rollups incike ebufakazini bokukhwabanisa nokubambezeleka kokuhoxa isikhathi eside.
• I-ZK-Rollups inikezela ngesiphetho esisheshayo kodwa inamandla ngokwekhompiyutha futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ukuwasebenzisa.
• Zombili lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuncika kuzilandeleli ezihlukene noma amasethi okuqinisekisa, ezethula izinga elithile le-centralization kanye nokungaqondi kahle kwe-MEV (Miner Extractable Value) ne-Ethereum.

Yilapho i-Rollups Esekelwe ku-Layer 2 ingenela khona, enesixazululo esithembisa ukuletha izinzuzo zokusebenza kwama-L2 kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuhlanganiswa okujulile nokuqondanisa nokuvumelana okuyisisekelo kwe-Ethereum nemodeli yesikhuthazo.

Sidinga ama-Rollups Asekelwe ngoba:

• Susa ukucindezelwa okumaphakathi kwama-sequencers.
• Qondanisa izikhuthazo zokusebenza kwe-rollup neziqinisekisi ze-Ethereum.
• Yehlisa ukungasebenzi kokukhipha kwe-MEV kuzo zonke izendlalelo.
• Yehlisa ukucatshangelwa kokuthenjwa kanye nezingozi zokucwaninga.

I-Layer 2 Based Rollups ihlose ukwenza lula ukwakheka kwe-L2 kuyilapho ithuthukisa ukuphepha nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-Ethereum.

I-Architecture of Based Rollup 

Ukuze uqonde kangcono imodeli entsha yokugoqa ye-Ethereum, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ubheke ukwakheka kwayo. Ama-rollups akhiwe ngezendlalelo ezine eziyinhloko: isendlalelo sokuhlala, isendlalelo sokutholakala kwedatha, isendlalelo sokuvumelana, nesendlalelo sokwenza. Lezi zendlalelo ezifanayo zikhona nakuma-Based Rollups. Ngenkathi i-architecture iyonke isafana, indlela esetshenziswa kuma-rollups asekelwe ihluke kakhulu, futhi yilokhu okubenza bahluke kwamanye ama-rollups.

• Isendlalelo sokuhlala

Yilapho i-rollup "ilungisa" noma iphothula khona imiphumela yayo. Ku-Based Rollups, imiphumela (ubufakazi balokho okwenzeke Kusendlalelo 2) ithunyelwe kwa-Ethereum. 

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ku-Layer 2, umuntu usengathemba i-Ethereum ukuthi ibe nerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe. 

• Isendlalelo Sokutholakala Kwedatha

Lesi sendlalelo siqinisekisa ukuthi yonke idatha edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha noma kuqinisekiswe ukuthengiswa kwe-rollup iyatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Yonke le datha eku-Based Rollups nayo igcinwa ku-Ethereum. 

Noma ubani angakwazi ukufunda i-block hashes ethunyelwe ku-Ethereum bese efinyelela imininingwane egcwele yemisebenzi eyenzeka kuleyo block. Ngakho, idatha isobala futhi ingathenjwa.

• Isendlalelo sokuvumelana

I-Blockchains inohlelo oluhlukile lokuvumelana ngokuhleleka kokuthengiselana (okuthiwa ukuvumelana). Kuma-Rollups Asekelwe, alukho uhlelo oluhlukile lokuvumelana. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-rollup asekelwe ancike ngokuqondile ekuvumelaneni kwe-Ethereum. 

I-oda lokuthengiselana linqunywa ngabaqinisekisi be-Ethereum, ngakho-ke ukugoqa kulandela ukuhola kwe-Ethereum.

• Isendlalelo Sokwenza

Lesi isendlalelo lapho ukucubungula okwenziwe kwangempela kwenzeka khona. Ama-rollup asekelwe asebenzisa le ngxenye ngaphandle kochungechunge, kumasistimu awo.

Nakuba i-Ethereum isiza ngokuvikeleka nedatha, i-rollup ibamba ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nokubala imiphumela ngokwayo.

Asebenza kanjani ama-Rollups Asekelwe?

Ama-rollups asekelwe aphakamisa isilandeleli somdabu se-Ethereum nesiqinisekisi esisethelwe ukuhlanganisa okwenziwayo ngokuqondile kumabhulokhi Esendlalelo 1. Nakhu ukubuka konke kobuchwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu kokuthi i- Based Rollups isebenza kanjani:

• Ukuhlanganisa Okwenziwayo ngabaseshi be-L1 / Abakhi be-L2

Ku-Ethereum (L1), kunama-ejenti akhethekile aziwa ngokuthi abaseshi bamabhulokhi noma abakhi bamabhulokhi. Laba basebenzeli baskena i-mempool (indawo yokulinda lapho kuhlala khona okwenziwayo okungaqinisekisiwe) ukuze bathole imisebenzi evumelekile Yesendlalelo sesi-2. Bahlela lokhu kuthengiselana kube "izinqwaba," ngokuyisisekelo, amaqembu ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile wokuthengiselana azofakwa kamuva kumabhulokhi we-Ethereum.

• I-Block Proposer Yengeza I-L2 Blocks ku-Bundle

I-Ethereum block proposer iyisiqinisekisi esikhethiwe ukuphakamisa ibhulokhi elandelayo. Umphakamisi uhlanganisa amabhulokhi amaningi Esendlalelo 2 kulezi zinqwaba. Lezi zinqwaba manje ziqukethe kokubili ukuthengiswa kwe-Ethereum (L1) kanye ne-rollup (L2) ngendlela ehlanganisiwe.

• I-L1 Block Builder Yakha I-Ethereum Block

Umakhi webhulokhi (uhlelo olwakha amabhlogo wekhandidethi) uthatha ukuthengiselana okuvamile kwe-Ethereum kanye nezinqwaba zamabhulokhi ungqimba 2 (kusuka esinyathelweni sesi-2) futhi uwafake kubhulokhi eyodwa ye-Ethereum.

• Umakhi Webhulokhi Uthumela I-L1 Block Kumhlongozi

Ibhulokhi ye-L1 eyakhiwe (manje enedatha yomibili ye-L1 ne-L2) ibuyiselwa kumphakamisi we-Ethereum ukuze ihanjiswe kokugcina.

• Umphakamisi Uhambisa I-Block ku-Ethereum

Ekugcineni, umhlongozi usakaza vimba kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum. Uma seyamukelwe, idatha yokwenziwe ye-L2 iba yingxenye yomlando we-canonical we-Ethereum. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi we-rollup uqinisekiswa ngokugcwele futhi uphothulwa ku-Ethereum ngaphandle kokulandelanisa okuhlukile.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuhlanganiswa Okusekelwe 

I-Rollups Esekelwe iletha izinzuzo zangempela, ezibambekayo ekulinganisweni kwe-Ethereum. Ake sihlole izinzuzo ezibalulekile:

• Ukulandelanisa Okususelwe Komhlongozi

I-Rollups Esekelwe inikezela ngendima yokulandelana kwabahlongoza be-Ethereum, okunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yengqalasizinda. Isusa isidingo sokusebenzisa kanye nokuvikela inethiwekhi ehlukile yesilandeleli noma ukuphatha ukwehluleka kanye nokungaziphathi kahle.

• Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-Ethereum

I-MEV ethathwe ezingeni le-rollup ingahanjiswa ngokuqondile kubaqinisekisi be-Ethereum, ikhuthaze ukuziphatha okuthembekile futhi iqinise ukuphepha kwezomnotho kwe-Ethereum. Kwenza i-Ethereum iqine kakhudlwana futhi isiza ukugwema ukuvuza kwenani kubadlali abangekho-chain.

• Ukwenyuka Ukuphikiswa Kwe-Censorship

Ngokulandelana okwenziwa ngabaqinisekisi be-Ethereum, abajikeleza njalo, akukho qembu elilodwa elingacubungula ukuthengiswa isikhathi eside. Qhathanisa lokhu nama-rollups avamile nabalandelanayo abamaphakathi abangacubungula abasebenzisi ngokungafanele noma bahlele kabusha okwenziwayo.

• I-Fair MEV Distribution

I-MEV supply chain iyacindezelwa. Kunokuba i-MEV ikhishwe abalandeleli be-L2 abaphakathi nendawo noma abakhi bangaphandle, iba yingxenye yomvuzo wokuvimba womhlongozi we-Ethereum, okwenza lonke uhlelo lube sobala futhi lulingane.

• Ukubambezeleka Okuphansi Nokufakwa Okusheshayo

Njengoba i-Based Rollups ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwebhulokhi yomdabu yakwa-Ethereum, iqeda isidingo sokulinda ukuvumelana kokulandelana kwe-Layer 2. Ithuthukisa kakhulu isikhathi ukuya kowamanqamu futhi iletha okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okushelelayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ezizwelayo ukubambezeleka okufana nokudlala amageyimu, imali yesikhathi sangempela, noma ukuhweba okunemvamisa ephezulu.

• Ukuhambisana kwe-Modular ne-Rollup Frameworks

I-Rolups esekelwe iwukusebenzisa-agnostic. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha i-ZK-rollup, i-Optimistic Rollup, noma isixazululo sesitayela se-Validium, imodeli yokulandelana ingahlanganiswa nezinhlaka ezikhona ezifana ne-OP Stack noma i-ZK Stack ngokulungiswa okuthile.

I-Based Rollups vs. ZK-Rollups vs. Optimistic Rollups: A Comparison

Ake sijule ekutheni ama-rollups asekelwe aqhathaniswe kanjani nezinhlobo zokugoqa ezingokwesiko.

Isiphetho

Umdwebo womgwaqo omaphakathi we-Ethereum ubhekene nezinto eziningi ezintsha eziqanjiwe, futhi i-Based Rollups ingenye yazo akha ikusasa lapho ukuqina kungafaki engcupheni ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuphepha. Ngokunethezeka kokuhlanganisa ngokuqondile nesendlalelo sesisekelo se-Ethereum sokulandelana kokuthengiselana, ama-rollup asekelwe asusa ibhodlela eliyinhloko kumklamo we-Layer 2: i-sequencer emaphakathi. Le ndlela eyodwa ibeka i-Based Rollups njengesixazululo sesizukulwane esilandelayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ze-Ethereum. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswe kwezezimali, amageyimu, ubunikazi, noma ukuxhumana kwe-cross-chain, i-Rollups Esekelwe inikezela ngesisekelo esiqinile sokwakha sokuqina okungathembeki.

Nakuba kusesenesikhathi sokwamukelwa, lo mqondo uthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabacwaningi, abathuthukisi, kanye nabahlinzeki bengqalasizinda ngokufanayo. Amaphrothokholi afana ne-Espresso, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-OP Stack, kanye nabahlinzeki be-modular rollup-as-a-service sebevele bezama izinhlobo ze-Based Rollups. Akungabazeki ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubheja kuma-Based Rollups ngo-2025. Bambisana nenkampani ethembekile yokuthuthukisa i-blockchain , i-Antier, ukuze usebenzise i-Base L2 sequencer kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-rollup ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabalala, ukuphepha, kanye nokusabalalisa.

Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze uthole usizo lwe-blockchain lochwepheshe!