Iindlela zokuVumelana kweBlockchain ngo-2026: Yintoni etshintshayo kwiProtocol Layer

Ngowama-2026, ukwakha i-blockchain akusekho malunga nokukhetha nje ubungqina bomsebenzi, ubungqina be-Stake, okanye indlela ye-BFT-based consensus mechanism kwi-blockchain kunye nokutshintshela ekuphunyezweni. Iindlela ze-blockchain zanamhlanje kufuneka zixhase ukugqitywa ngokukhawuleza, i-output ephezulu, ulungelelwaniso oluthembekileyo lwe-validator, kunye nokhuseleko oluqinileyo ngelixa zisebenza kwiziseko ezintsonkothileyo. Sekunjalo ukusebenza kwe-consensus kuphenjelelwa kokungaphezulu kakhulu kune-algorithm esisiseko. I-network latency, i-block propagation, i-validator economics, ukuphunyezwa, ukufumaneka kwedatha, kunye nokuphuculwa kwazo zonke ezi zinto zinokuba yimiqobo okanye zingenise iingozi ezintsha zokhuseleko.

Oku kwenza uyilo lwemvumelwano lube nzima ngakumbi kumaqela akha iiLayer 1 ezintsha, ii-appchains, kunye neenethiwekhi ezithile zesicelo. Umngeni asikokukhetha nje indlela, kodwa kukucwangcisa uyilo olufanelekileyo lweprotocol malunga nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, ukusebenza, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Kumaqela akha iiLayer 1 ezintsha, ii-appchains, kunye neenethiwekhi ezithile zesicelo, ezi zigqibo zokwakha zinokumisela ukuba iprotocol ikhula ngokuthembekileyo okanye iyathintelwa yimvumelwano yayo kunye neziseko zayo. Kulapho iinkonzo zophuhliso lwe-blockchain kufuneka zidlulele ngaphaya kokuphunyezwa kwaye zijongane neprotocol njengenkqubo epheleleyo.

Yintoni iBlockchain Consensus Mechanism?

Indlela yokuvumelana nge-blockchain yiseti yeenkqubo, izikhuthazo, kunye nemithetho evumela abathathi-nxaxheba abasasazekileyo ukuba bavumelane ngemeko esebenzayo ye-blockchain ngaphandle kokuthembela kwigunya eliphambili.

Imvumelwano imisela indlela inethiwekhi ephatha ngayo imibuzo esisiseko:

• Ngubani onokucebisa okanye aqinisekise iibhloko?
• Ziqinisekiswa njani iintengiselwano kunye neebhloko?
• Inethiwekhi izisombulula njani iimeko ezingqubanayo?
• Ingakanani inxaxheba engalunganga okanye enobugebenga enokuyinyamezela?
• Bakhuthazwa njani abaqinisekisi okanye abavukuzi?
• Ibhloko iba yeyokugqibela nini?
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa abathathi-nxaxheba bengasebenzi kwi-intanethi okanye beziphatha kakubi?

Eyona nto iphambili, ukuvumelana kusombulula ingxaki yokulungelelanisa: iikhompyutha ezizimeleyo kufuneka zigcine imeko efanayo nangona unxibelelwano lungagqibelelanga kwaye abanye abathathi-nxaxheba bengenakuthenjwa.

Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokuvumelana zinokudibanisa izinto ezininzi endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwindlela enye yodwa. Umzekelo, i-Ethereum ichaza indlela yayo yokuvumelana njengenqwaba ebanzi yeenkqubo, izikhuthazo, ukhetho lweefoloko, ukuziphatha kwe-validator, kunye nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho olwakhelwe kwi-Proof of Stake. Loo mahluko uya usiba baluleke ngakumbi kumaqela ayila iinethiwekhi ezintsha ze-blockchain.

Inkqubo yokuVumelana vs. Uyilo lokuVumelana

Amagama athi indlela yokuvumelana kunye noyilo lwemvumelwano anxulumene kakhulu, kodwa awakwazi ukutshintshana.

Inkqubo yeMvumelwano

Indlela yokuvumelana yindlela esisiseko esetyenziswayo ukuseka isivumelwano.

Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ubungqina Bomsebenzi
• Ubungqina bentsika
• Ubungqina obunikwe iSitaki
• Imvumelwano yesitayile se-BFT
• Uyilo lwesivumelwano se-hybrid

Uyilo lweMvumelwano

Uyilo lwemvumelwano yinkqubo ebanzi ejikeleze loo ndlela yokusebenza.

Ingabandakanya:

• Ukukhethwa kunye nokulinganiswa kwe-Validator
• Imithetho yesindululo sebhloko
• Ukusasazwa kweebhloko
• Unxibelelwano loontanga-kwintanga
• Ukuvota kunye nobungqina
• Imithetho yokukhetha ifolokhwe
• Imithetho yokugqibela
• Ukubeka imiqathango kunye nokwabela abanye
• Ukunqunyulwa kunye nezohlwayo
• Ukujikeleza kwe-Validator
• Ukusebenzisana komgangatho wokwenziwa
• Ukufumaneka kwedatha
• Lawulo
• Iindlela zokuphucula kunye nokufuduka

Iinethiwekhi ezimbini zingasebenzisa indlela efanayo yoBungqina boMxholo kodwa zibe neempawu zokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo, ukusebenza, ukwahlulwahlulwa, kunye nokugqitywa. Ukuthi nje i-blockchain "isebenzisa i-PoS" akuchazi ngokupheleleyo indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yayo yokuvumelana.

Kwabakhi beprotocol, ingqwalasela kufuneka idlulele ngaphaya kokukhetha indlela yokuvumelana. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingaba uyilo lwesivumelwano luphela luyahambelana na nemodeli yokuthembana yenethiwekhi, umthwalo womsebenzi, imeko-bume yokuqinisekisa, iimfuno zokugqibela, iithagethi zokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza zexesha elide.

Iintsapho Ezinkulu Ezivumelanayo Nezakhiwo

Iintsapho eziphambili ezivumelanayo zisabalulekile ngo-2026, kodwa indima yazo iyatshintsha. Ingqwalasela isuka ekukhetheni indlela yokuvumelana yodwa ukuya ekuqondeni indlela esebenzisana ngayo nolungelelwaniso lwabaqinisekisi, ukugqitywa, uthungelwano, uqoqosho, kunye nokusebenza.

• Ubungqina Bomsebenzi (PoW)

Ubungqina Bomsebenzi bufuna ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba benze umsebenzi wokubala ukuze bakhuphisane ngokuveliswa kweebhloko.

I-Bitcoin isengumzekelo obalaseleyo. I-PoW idibanisa impembelelo yemveliso yebhloko nezixhobo zokubala, ibonelela ngemodeli yokhuseleko engenamvume ngaphandle kokufuna abaqinisekisi ukuba batshixe iiasethi zomthonyama.

Izinto ezihambelanayo ziquka amandla abalulekileyo kunye neemfuno zehardware kwaye zihlala zinokwenzeka endaweni yokugqiba okuqinisekileyo.

• Ubungqina bentsika (PoS)

Ubungqina beStake buthatha indawo yokhuphiswano lokubala ngokuzibophelela kwezoqoqosho. Abaqinisekisi banikezela ngempahla yendalo kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwisiphakamiso sebhloko, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokuvota ngokwemigaqo yeprotocol.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinethiwekhi, ukuziphatha kakubi kunokubangela isohlwayo esifana nokunqunyulwa.

I-Ethereum ibonisa indlela i-PoS enokusebenza ngayo kwihlabathi liphela ngelixa ixhasa uyilo lwemvumelwano oluguqukayo kunye nolwenziwayo. Kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi ezintsha, i-PoS okanye uyilo oluvela kwi-PoS lubonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo, kodwa uyilo lweprotocol olujikelezileyo lumisela indlela eso siseko esisebenza ngayo ngokusebenzayo.

• Ubungqina obunikezelweyo beStake (DPoS)

Ubungqina Bokunikezelwa Kwemali buvumela abanini beethokheni ukuba badlulisele amandla okuvota kwiseti encinci yabaqinisekisi okanye abavelisi beebhloko.

Iseti encinci esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa inokwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa nokuphucula ukusebenza, kodwa izisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokurhweba malunga nokwabela abantu amagunya aphantsi, ukugxila kwabo baqinisekisayo, kunye nolawulo.

I-DPoS ingafaneleka kwiinethiwekhi apho ulungelelwaniso oluqikelelweyo lokuqinisekisa kunye nokubamba inxaxheba kulawulo zezona zinto ziphambili kuyilo.

• Ubungqina beGunya (PoA)

Ubungqina beGunya buxhomekeke kwiseti yomqinisekisi ochongiweyo novunyiweyo endaweni yokubandakanyeka ngokuvulelekileyo ngomsebenzi wokubala okanye ukuxhasa ngezimali.

Ingasebenza kwiinethiwekhi ezivunyelweyo kunye neenkampani ezizimeleyo apho izazisi zabaqinisekisi zaziwa khona kwaye ulawulo lulawulwa.

Le ntengiselwano yimodeli yokuthembana esekwe kwindawo enye xa ithelekiswa neendlela zokwakha isivumelwano ezingenamvume.

• Isivumelwano esisekelwe kwi-BFT

Imvumelwano ye-Byzantine Fault Tolerant ivumela abathathi-nxaxheba abasasazekileyo ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano nangona kukho inani elithile labaqinisekisi abaneziphene okanye abanobungozi.

Iiprotokholi ezisekelwe kwi-BFT zibaluleke kakhulu apho ukugqitywa okuqinisekileyo, ukusonjululwa okuqikelelweyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokuqinisekisa okulawulwayo kubalulekile.

Nangona kunjalo, i-BFT yintsapho yeeprotokholi endaweni yendlela enye. Iiprotokholi ze-PBFT, i-Tendermint/CometBFT-style, uyilo oluvela kwi-HotStuff, kunye nezinye iinguqulelo ze-BFT zenza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo malunga nonxibelelwano lwe-validator, ukwakheka kwe-quorum, kunye nokunyamezelana kweempazamo.

Ezi ntsapho zesivumelwano zibonelela ngeziseko ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi ye-blockchain, kodwa indlela yodwa ayichazi ukusebenza kokugqibela kwenethiwekhi okanye iipropati zokhuseleko. Uyilo lwe-Validator, uthungelwano, ukugqitywa, uqoqosho, ukuphunyezwa, kunye nokuphuculwa kwazo zonke zibumba indlela esebenza ngayo imvumelwano kwimveliso.

Yintoni etshintshayo kwiindlela zokuVumelana kweBlockchain ngo-2026?

Utshintsho olukhulu asikokuba indlela enye yokuvumelana ithatha indawo yenye. Endaweni yoko, ukuvumelana kuya kudibana ngokunzulu nezinye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Utshintsho oluhlanu lubaluleke kakhulu.

1. Ukugqibela Kuqala Ukuba Yimilinganiselo Yokusebenza Ephambili

Ukusebenza kweBlockchain kuye kwaxoxwa kusetyenziswa:

• Iintengiselwano ngesekhondi
• Ixesha Block
• Ukuphuma kwegesi
• Ukuhamba

Ezo zibalo zihlala ziluncedo, kodwa azixeli ibali elipheleleyo. Kwiizicelo ezininzi zehlabathi lokwenyani, umbuzo obaluleke ngakumbi ngulo: Kunini apho isicelo sinokuyiphatha ngokukhuselekileyo intengiselwano njengokugqibela?

I-Finality ichaza indawo apho ilizwe lithathwa njengelingenakujikwa phantsi kweengcamango zokhuseleko zeprotokholi. Lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuhlawulwa kwemali
• Imiyalezo edibanisa abantu abaninzi
• iintlawulo
• Iziseko zorhwebo
• Izicelo zeziko
• Iiprothokholi zokusebenzisana
• Ii-blockchain ezithile zesicelo

Inethiwekhi inokuvelisa iibhloko ngokukhawuleza ngelixa ifuna ixesha elongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzisi okanye ezinye iiprotokholi zithembele ngokukhuselekileyo kwezo bhloko.

Yingakho ukugqitywa kufanele kuchazwe ngexesha locwangciso lwezakhiwo endaweni yokuphathwa njengemilinganiselo yokusebenza yesibini.

Inethiwekhi ejolise ekusombululeni iingxaki zesikhungo inokuthi ibeke phambili ukugqitywa kwezigqibo eziqinisekileyo ngaphakathi kwefestile eqikelelweyo. Inethiwekhi engenamvume ingamkela imodeli eyahlukileyo yokugqitywa ngokutshintshiselana nenxaxheba ebanzi yabaqinisekisi.

Ukhetho oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kwimodeli yokhuseleko yesicelo.

2. Ulungelelwaniso loQinisekiso luba ngumngeni woBunjineli obuPhambili

Imvumelwano ayinakusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze kubekho ukuvumelana lunokuhamba kwinethiwekhi. Njengoko iiseti zabaqinisekisi zikhula kwaye zisasazwa ngokwendawo, abayili beprotocol kufuneka baqwalasele oku kulandelayo:

• Ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi
• bandwidth
• I-topology yontanga
• Ukusasazwa kwemiyalezo
• Ipakethi yokulahleka
• Izixhobo zokuqinisekisa
• Usasazo lwejografi
• Abathathi-nxaxheba abaneempazamo okanye abangekho kwi-intanethi
• Ukusilela kweziseko zophuhliso ezinxulumeneyo

I-algorithm yesivumelwano esebenza kakuhle neseti encinci ye-validator inokuhlangabezana nemida eyahlukeneyo yonxibelelwano kwinqanaba elikhulu. Yiyo loo nto ubunjineli beprotocol yanamhlanje buqhubeka buphatha uthungelwano kunye nesivumelwano njengeenkqubo ezidibeneyo.

I-Alpenglow kaSolana inika umzekelo oluncedo. Icandelo layo leVotor lenzelwe ukuthatha indawo yoyilo lokuvota olukhoyo, ngelixa inqanaba elilandelayo kulindeleke ukuba lizise iRotor njengeprotokholi entsha yokusasazwa kwebhloko. USolana uchaza i-Alpenglow njengendawo yokutshintsha iprotokholi yayo yemvumelwano ekhoyo ejolise ekugqityweni kwe-150ms.

Isifundo sabakhi beenkqubo sicacile: Ukuvumelana ngokukhawuleza kufuna okungaphezulu kokuvota ngokukhawuleza. Kufuna ulungelelwaniso olukhawulezileyo noluqikelelweyo.

3. Imvumelwano kunye neMveliso yeBlock Ziyasondelana

Uyilo lwe-blockchain yendabuko ludla ngokuthatha ukuvumelana kunye nokusebenza kweebhloko njengezinto ezixhalabisayo. Uyilo lweprotocol yanamhlanje luxhalabele ngakumbi unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwazo.

Uhlaziyo oluzayo lwe-Ethereum kwiGlamsterdam ngumzekelo obalulekileyo. I-Ethereum ayithathi indawo yoBungqina beSiteki. Endaweni yoko, itshintsha indlela abathathi-nxaxheba abahlukeneyo abasebenzisana ngayo malunga nokwakhiwa kweebhloko kunye nokuqinisekiswa.

Esinye sezindululo zayo eziphambili, i-Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS), yahlula ngokusesikweni indima yokukhetha ibhloko yesivumelwano kwindima yokuhlanganisa umthwalo wokuphunyezwa kwaye izisa olo lwalamano kwiprotokholi ngokwayo. I-Ethereum ithi oku kujoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwi-middleware engekho kwiprotocol kunye nokwandisa ixesha elifumanekayo lokusasazwa kwedatha ukusuka kwimizuzwana emibini ukuya kwimizuzwana elithoba.

Olu lutshintsho olubalulekileyo lwezakhiwo.

Ibonisa ukuba ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemvumelwano akusoloko kufuna ukutshintsha indlela esisiseko yemvumelwano. Ngamanye amaxesha indlela engcono kukuyila ngokutsha unxibelelwano phakathi kwemvumelwano, ukuveliswa kweebhloko, ukuphunyezwa, kunye nothungelwano.

4. Uqoqosho lweValidator Luya Luba Yindlela Yokwakha Ukhuseleko

Kwinethiwekhi zoBungqina beSithintelo, uqoqosho luyinxalenye yokhuseleko lwesivumelwano. Le protocol kufuneka iphendule imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingakanani imali efunekayo?
• Ibalwa njani amandla okuvota?
• Bavuzwa njani abaqinisekisi?
• Yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha eyohlwaywayo?
• Kusebenza njani ukunikezela ngeenkonzo?
• Ingakanani imali ebekelwe yona enokurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza?
• Inethiwekhi ikuthintela njani ukuxinana kakhulu kwezabelo?
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa abaqinisekisi bengasebenzi?

Ezi azizozigqibo ze-tokenomics nje kuphela. Zichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokusasazwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba abanoxanduva lokukhusela inethiwekhi.

Imodeli yomvuzo ekhuthaza ukugxila kakhulu ekudluliseleni ulwazi inokubangela uxinzelelo oluphambili. Imodeli yokusika engalungiswanga kakuhle ingathintela ukuthatha inxaxheba okanye ijezise abaqinisekisi ngokusilela okungaphaya kolawulo lwabo. Inkqubo yokwamkelwa kwabaqinisekisi inokwandisa okanye ithintele ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinethiwekhi.

Ke ngoko, iindlela zokuvumelana kuyilo lwe-blockchain ziquka ngakumbi ukumodela ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho kunye neengqwalasela ze-cryptographic kunye ne-networking.

5. Ukuphuculwa kweMvumelwano Kuye Kwaba yiProjekthi yokuFuduka kwiNethiwekhi ebanzi

Ukutshintsha iprotocol yesivumelwano emva kwe-mainnet kwahlukile kakhulu ekusebenziseni uhlaziyo lwesicelo oluqhelekileyo. Ukuphuculwa kwesivumelwano kunokufuna:

• Isoftware entsha yokuqinisekisa
• Utshintsho kwimvumelwano phakathi kwabathengi
• Utshintsho lomthengi wokuphunyezwa
• Ukuziphatha okutsha kothungelwano
• Ukuqinisekiswa kweTestnet
• Ulungelelwaniso loqinisekiso
• Ukuhambelana kwenguqulelo
• esweni
• Imvume yolawulo
• Iinkqubo zokuqalisa
• Isicwangciso sokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo

Ukuphuculwa kwemvumelwano kunokuchaphazela izinto ezininzi ze-blockchain kwaye kunokufuna utshintsho oludibeneyo kwisoftware yokuqinisekisa, abathengi abavumelanayo nabaphumezayo, uthungelwano, uvavanyo, ukubeka esweni, ulawulo, kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza. Oku kwenza ukuphuculwa kwemvumelwano kwahluke ngokupheleleyo kuhlaziyo lwesicelo oluqhelekileyo kwaye kwandisa ukubaluleka kokuhambelana kunye nocwangciso lokuqalisa olucwangcisiweyo.

Kumaqela akha iinethiwekhi ezintsha, intsingiselo icacile: ukuvumelana kufanele kuyilwe ukuze kubekho inguqu kwasekuqaleni, endaweni yokuphinda kulungiswe emva kokuba inethiwekhi ikhule yayahlukile kuyilo lwayo lwangaphambili.

Indlela uSolana no-Ethereum Abacinga Ngayo Ngokuhlaziya Uyilo Lwemvumelwano

USolana kunye ne-Ethereum zibonisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuphuhlisa uyilo lweprotocol ye-blockchain. USolana utshintsha uyilo lwayo lwesivumelwano olukhoyo, ngelixa i-Ethereum iphucula uyilo lwayo loBungqina beSithintelo ngokutshintsha indlela ukuvumelana, ukuveliswa kweebhloko, ukuphunyezwa, kunye nokuphathwa kwedatha okusebenzisana ngayo.

• USolana Alpenglow: Ukuyila ngokutsha isivumelwano kunye nokusasazwa

I-Alpenglow kaSolana imele uyilo olutsha olusisiseko lomaleko wayo wesivumelwano endaweni yohlengahlengiso olulula lweeparameter. Isigaba sayo sokuqala sazisa iVotor, uyilo olutsha lokuvota olujoliswe ekuthatheni indawo yeTowerBFT kwaye lujolise ekugqityweni kwe-150ms. Isigaba esilandelayo kulindeleke ukuba sizise iRotor, iprotokholi entsha yokusasazwa kwebhloko eyenzelwe ukuthatha indawo yeTurbine.

Ukubaluleka koyilo lwezakhiwo kudlula ngaphaya kwenjongo yokugqibela. I-Alpenglow itshintsha indlela abaqinisekisi abasebenzisana ngayo kunye nendlela ulwazi oluvumelana ngayo oluhamba ngayo kwinethiwekhi, okubonisa ukuba ukugqitywa ngokukhawuleza kuxhomekeke ekuphuculeni indlela yolwazi ebanzi:

Ukuveliswa kweeBloko → Ukusasazwa → Ulungelelwaniso loQinisekiso → Ukugqitywa

Ukuphucula inqanaba elinye kuphela kunokushiya elinye inqanaba njengengxaki yenkqubo.

• I-Ethereum Glamsterdam: Ubungqina obuguqukayo beSithintelo

I-Ethereum ithatha indlela eyahlukileyo. I-Glamsterdam ayithathi indawo yoBungqina beSiteki; itshintsha uyilo oluyijikelezileyo. Izindululo zayo ezibini eziphambili, i-Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS) kunye ne-Block-Level Access Lists (BALs), zijolise kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zombhobho wokuvelisa iibhloko kunye nokusebenza.

I-ePBS izisa ulungelelwaniso lokwakha-proposer kwiprotokholi, inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiirelay zangaphandle kwaye yandisa iwindow yokusasazwa kwedatha esebenzayo ukusuka kwimizuzwana emibini ukuya kwimizuzwana elithoba. Ii-BAL zibonelela ngombono ongaphambili wemeko efikelelwa yibhloko, inceda ukwenza ukucutshungulwa okulinganayo kunye nokuvumelanisa iinode ngempumelelo.

Isifundo soyilo lwezakhiwo sahlukile kweso sikaSolana: impumelelo yokusebenza ayisoloko ifuna ukutshintshwa kwendlela yokuvumelana. Zinokuvela nasekuyileni ngokutsha unxibelelwano phakathi kokuvumelana, ukwakhiwa kweebhloko, ukuphunyezwa, kunye nothungelwano.

Oko Ezi ndlela Zifana Ngako

USolana kunye no-Ethereum bathatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kodwa bakhomba kutshintsho olufanayo olubanzi.

USolana uphinda ayila isivumelwano sokuvumelana kunye nokusasazwa kwe-propagation stack. I-Ethereum iphuhlisa uyilo olujikeleze i-Proof of Stake. Zombini zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwesivumelwano kuya kuba yipropathi yenqanaba lenkqubo kunokuba ibe luphawu lwe-algorithm yesivumelwano kuphela.

Kwabakhi beprotocol, icebiso lilula:

Indlela yokuvumelana inika isiseko. Uyilo olujikelezileyo luchaza indlela eso siseko esisebenza ngayo kwimveliso.

Indlela yokuyila uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-blockchain entsha

Akukho ndlela "engcono" yokuvumelana ngokubanzi. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwimodeli yokuthembana yenethiwekhi, iimfuno zokugqibela, indawo yokuqinisekisa, umthwalo womsebenzi, iinjongo zokusebenza, kunye nemodeli yokusebenza yexesha elide.

Uyilo olusebenzayo lokuvumelana kufuneka luyilwe malunga nezigqibo ezintandathu.

1. Chaza iModeli yokuThemba kunye neMpazamo

Qala ngokuchaza ukuba ngubani othatha inxaxheba kwisivumelwano kunye nokuba zeziphi iimpazamo ekufuneka zinyanyezelwe yiprotocol.

Qinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi:

• Ayivumelekanga
• Ivunyelwe
• Isekelwe kwiConsortium
• Ulawulo lweziko
• Isicelo-singqale
• Vula kumaleko wesicelo kodwa uthintelwe kumaleko wokuqinisekisa

Oku kumisela iingcamango zeprotokholi malunga nobunikazi bokuqinisekisa, ukuthatha inxaxheba, ukuziphatha okubi, kunye nokunyamezela iimpazamo.

2. Chaza iMfuneko yokuGqibela

Misela ukuba inethiwekhi kufuneka yenze imeko ingabi nakuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye yeyiphi inqanaba lezicelo zokugqibela ezifunekayo.

Ukugqitywa kufanele kuthathwe njengemfuneko yoyilo lwezakhiwo kungekhona imilinganiselo yokusebenza eqwalaselwayo emva kokuba indlela yokuvumelana ikhethiwe.

3. Yila iModeli yoQinisekiso

Chaza indlela abaqinisekisi abangena ngayo, abathatha inxaxheba ngayo, nabaphuma ngayo kwinethiwekhi.

Iiparamitha eziphambili ziquka:

• Ukwamkelwa koMqinisekisi
• Amandla okuvota
• Iimfuno zesabelo
• Ugunyaziso
• Ukujikeleza
• Zi khuthazo
• Ukuncwina
• Ukungadibanisi
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo

Injongo kukudala iseti yokuqinisekisa enika ukhuseleko oluqinileyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba okuthembekileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuzinzileyo.

4. Uthungelwano lweModeli kunye nokuSebenza

Imvumelwano kufuneka ihlolwe phantsi kweemeko zonxibelelwano ezingokoqobo, kungekuphela nje phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo.

Izinto zemodeli ezifana nezi:

• Inani labaqinisekisi
• Usasazo lwejografi
• Ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi
• Ububanzi bebhendi kunye nokulahleka kwepakethi
• Umthwalo wentengiselwano ophambili
• Ubungakanani bebhloko
• Ixesha lokusasaza
• Ukungafani kwezixhobo zekhompyutha
• Ixesha lokungasebenzi kwe-Validator

Oku kudibanisa uyilo lwesivumelwano sethiyori kunye nokusebenza kweprotocol yehlabathi lokwenyani. Indlela esebenza kakuhle ngeseti encinci, eqhagamshelwe kakuhle yokuqinisekisa inokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo njengoko ukubandakanyeka kunye nobunzima benethiwekhi bukhula.

5. Lungelelanisa uQoqosho noKhuseleko

Kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwizabelo, izikhuthazo zokuqinisekisa kunye nezohlwayo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.

Imodeli yezoqoqosho kufuneka ithintele:

• Ukutyikitya kabini
• Ubungakanani
• Inkxaso
• Ukungasebenzi rhoqo
• Ulungelelwaniso olubi

Kwangaxeshanye, izohlwayo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukusilela kokusebenza okubonakalayo. Ukunqunyulwa ngokugqithisileyo kunokwenza ukuqinisekiswa kungabi nakuzinza ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye kuthintele ukubandakanyeka.

Injongo kukulungelelanisa izikhuthazo zokuqinisekisa kunye neenjongo zokhuseleko zeprotocol.

6. Ukuphuculwa koYilo Ukususela kuSuku Lokuqala

Uyilo lwemvumelwano kufuneka luyilwe ukuze luphuhle ngokukhuselekileyo emva kwe-mainnet.

Utshintsho lwexesha elizayo lunokufuneka njengoko:

• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabaQinisekisi kuyakhula
• Izakhono zehardware ziyaphucuka
• Utshintsho kwimisebenzi yenethiwekhi
• Iingcamango ze-cryptographic ziyavela
• Iimfuneko zokusebenzisana ziyanda
• Utshintsho lwezibonelelo zoqoqosho
• Iimfuno zokwandisa ubungakanani bomlinganiselo ziyanda

Iprotokholi engenakukwazi ukuphucula ungqimba lwayo oluvumelanayo ngokukhuselekileyo inokuguqula uphuculo lwexesha elizayo lube kukufuduka okunobungozi obukhulu, okuqhutywa kwinethiwekhi yonke.

Injongo ayikokukhetha nje indlela yokuvumelana esebenzayo namhlanje, kodwa kukuyila uyilo lwesivumelwano olunokuhlala lukhuselekile, lusebenza, kwaye luguquguquka njengoko inethiwekhi itshintsha.

Uphuhliso lweBlockchain oluQhelekileyo luyenza nini ingqiqo?

Ayizizo zonke ii-blockchain ezifuna uyilo lwesivumelwano olwakhelwe injongo ethile. Ii-frameworks ezimiselweyo zinokubonelela nge-consensus evuthiweyo, ukuphunyezwa, uthungelwano, kunye ne-inteoperability primitives, nto leyo ezenza zibe yindawo yokuqala esebenzayo yophuhliso lwe-blockchain xa sele zihlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili zenethiwekhi.

Uphuhliso lwe-blockchain oluzenzekelayo luyathetheleleka xa amandla okwakha akhoyo edala imida esisiseko yokwakha, efana nale:

• Iimfuneko ezikhethekileyo zoKugqibezela okanye zoKunyamezela iSipho

Inethiwekhi ifuna iziqinisekiso ezithile zokugqibela okanye iipropati zokunyamezela iimpazamo ezingenakukwazi ukuxhaswa yisakhelo esikhoyo ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu zokwakha.

• Iimodeli zoQinisekiso oluSetyenzisiweyo kunye noLawulo

Inethiwekhi ifuna ukwamkelwa okukhethekileyo komqinisekisi, ukuvota, ukudlulisela, ukujikeleza, okanye imodeli yolawulo eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuyilo lwendalo lwesakhelo.

• Ukuphunyezwa okanye uthungelwano oluchanekileyo lwesicelo

Lo msebenzi ufuna ukwenziwa okukhethekileyo, uku-odola iintengiselwano, ukusasazwa kweebhloko, okanye ukuziphatha kwenethiwekhi okungenakuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuseta okanye izinto zokuqala ezikhoyo.

• Iimfuneko ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho okanye zokhuseleko

Inethiwekhi ixhomekeke kwizakhiwo ezithile zenkuthazo, izohlwayo, imithetho yokubandakanyeka kwabaqinisekisi, okanye iingcamango zokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho ezifuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwinqanaba leprotokholi.

• Iimfuneko zokuSebenzisana kweNqanaba leProtocol

Inethiwekhi ifuna ukuqinisekiswa kwemvumelwano ekhethekileyo, unxibelelwano oludibanisayo, okanye amandla okusebenzisana angenakukwazi ukuxhaswa ngokwaneleyo ziziseko zesakhelo ezikhoyo.

Indlela elungileyo kukuqala ngeemfuno zeprotocol, uvavanye izikhokelo ezikhoyo ngokuchasene nazo, kwaye ungenise izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuphela apho uyilo olusisiseko ludala umqobo wokwenene.

Oko Kufunekayo Kwi-Consensus Engineering ye-Production-Grade

Ukuyila uyilo lwesivumelwano yinyathelo lokuqala kuphela. Iinkonzo zophuhliso lwe-blockchain ezikumgangatho wemveliso kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba umaleko wesivumelwano ugcina ulungelelwaniso olukhuselekileyo, ukugqitywa okuqikelelweyo, kunye nokuqina kwenethiwekhi phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani. Oku kufuna ubunjineli kunye nokuqinisekisa imeko-bume yesivumelwano epheleleyo, kuquka:

• Inkcazo yeprotocol esemthethweni: Chaza imithetho yokuvumelana, iingcamango zokuthembana, ukunyamezela iimpazamo, indlela yokuziphatha yomqinisekisi, kunye neemeko zokugqibela.
• Ulungelelwaniso loqinisekiso kunye nenethiwekhi: Yenza uyilo ngendlela abaqinisekisi abanxibelelana ngayo, basasaze iibhloko, batshintshiselane ngamavoti, kwaye baphinde babuyele kwisimo esibi okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi.
• Uvavanyo oluchaseneyo: Vavanya le protocol ngokuchasene nabaqinisekisi abanobungozi, izahlulo zenethiwekhi, imiyalezo ebambezelekileyo, ixesha lokungasebenzi kwe-validator, ukungangqinelani, kunye nezinye iimeko zokungaphumeleli.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kunye nokuqina: Qinisekisa indlela yokuziphatha kwemvumelwano phantsi kokubalwa kwe-validator okubonakalayo, ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi, imithwalo yentengiselwano, kunye neemeko zehardware.
• I-Testnet kunye nokusasazwa ngokwezigaba: Qinisekisa indlela yokuziphatha kweprotocol kwiindawo ezifana nemveliso ngaphambi kokuba isebenze kwi-mainnet kwaye ungenise ngokuthe ngcembe utshintsho lweprotocol.
• Imisebenzi eqhubekayo kunye nophuculo: Jonga impilo yomqinisekisi, ukusebenza kwemvumelwano, ukugqitywa, kunye nokuziphatha kwenethiwekhi ngelixa ugcina inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokuphucula kunye nokubuyisela iprotokholi.

Injongo ayikokungqina nje ukuba indlela yokuvumelana isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke indlela yokuvumelana ihlala ikhuselekile, iqikelelwa, kwaye iyasebenza njengoko inethiwekhi ikhula kwaye itshintsha.

Ikamva leMvumelwano liyiZakhiwo

Ikamva leendlela zokuvumelana nge-blockchain aliyi kuchazwa yi-algorithm enye ethatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye. Liya kubunjwa yindlela esebenza ngayo i-protocols ukudibanisa isivumelwano, uthungelwano, ukuphunyezwa, uqoqosho oluqinisekisayo, ukugqitywa, kunye nolawulo kwimodeli yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ehambelanayo.

I-Alpenglow kaSolana kunye neGlamsterdam ka-Ethereum zibonisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zolu tshintsho, kodwa isifundo esisisiseko siyafana: ukusebenza kwemvumelwano kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo olujikeleze indlela yokusebenza ngokwayo.

Kumaqela akha iLayer 1s, ii-appchains, iinethiwekhi zezikhungo, okanye ii-blockchains ezithile zesicelo, ukuvumelana kufuneka kuthathwe njengesigqibo soyilo lweprotocol hayi nje isigqibo sokukhetha i-algorithm. Iinethiwekhi ezinamandla ziya kuba zezo zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zanamhlanje ngelixa zihlala zikhuselekile, zisebenza, kwaye ziguquguquka njengoko ezo mfuno zitshintsha.

Njengenkampani yophuhliso lwe-blockchain , i-Antier inceda amashishini ukuguqula ezi mfuno zeprotocol zibe zizisombululo zophuhliso lwe-blockchain ezilungele imveliso , ukusuka kwisivumelwano kunye noyilo loqinisekiso ukuya kwinethiwekhi, ukuphunyezwa, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ze-mainnet.

Ngeenkonzo ezimangalisayo ze-blockchain eziquka uyilo lwezakhiwo, ubunjineli, uvavanyo, kunye nokusasazwa, sinceda amaqela akhe iinethiwekhi ze-blockchain ezinokwandiswa ezenzelwe ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nophuhliso.